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- Peder Jensen Hegelund attended school in Ribe, and in 1558, at only sixteen years old, he became an assistant teacher there. In 1561 he was admitted to K?benhavn University, along with his close friend Anders S?rensen Vedel. During Peder's two year stay in K?benhavn, he stayed at the home of Niels Hemmingsen. From 1564 to 1565 he studied in Leipzig, and from 1655 to 1568 in Wittenberg (Deutschland), where he obtained his Candidate Magister (a degree somewhat equivalent to a Bachelor of Arts) on August 25, 1568.
In 1569 he returned home to become the Rector at Ribe Cathedral school. During his 11 years there he wrote several papers which became very well known, especially his school plays. A school comedy called "Susanne" is considered his principal poetic work, it was written in 1576 when he was 34 years old. An other work called "Calumnia" depicts calumny - a slanderous, false accusation. He also re-worked and translated some German plays by the Augsburg school-master Sixtus Birck. He is considered to be the time's most eminent teacher.
Tragedy struck early in Peder's married life when his first wife Anne Jensdatter Holm died, at 19 years old from complications resulting from childbirth. She died a week after giving birth to their son Jens. They had only been married for a year and a half.
On May 12, 1580, after a close race with his competitor and friend Anders S?rensen Vedel, he was awarded a professorship in theology in Ribe, and as well the position of clergyman for Vester Vedsted parish. On March 8, 1588 Peder Hegelund became a pastor at Ribe Cathedral (Vor Frue parish). And on March 30, 1595, after a difficult election process, he was chozen to be Bishop for Ribe diosece. His friend Anders Vedel had also been up for the position of Bishop.
In 1591 his wife Margrethe J?rgensdatter died of "sprinkelsyge" (probably typhoid fever). Sorrow overwhelmed him after the death of Margrethe. An expression of this can be seen in a hymn, nr. 636 in "Den Danske Salmebog", in which he wrote: "Med sorgen og klagen hold m?de. Guds ord lad dig tr?ste og r?de." Translated to English: "With sorrow and lamentation be moderate. Let God's word comfort and counsel you."
During most of his life he made almost daily entries of his personal observations. In 1976 the Ribe Historical Society edited "Peder Hegelunds almanakoptegnelser" from a manuscript written by Bue Kaaes. These notations are an important source of information about public happenings, both in Ribe and the rest of Denmark.
Bishop Peder Jensen Hegelund in Ribe wrote in his "Almanakoptegnelser":
10.02.1565: "Jeg skrev til Kristen Hegelund i Prag. If?lge l?se rygter, der stammer fra usikker hjemmelsmand, er der meddelt noget om, at Frederik II, konge af Danmark, skulle v?re d?d, ligeledes, at Bohus og Elfsborg skal v?re belejret af svenskerne, og at pesten raser i K?benhavn. Ligeledes om en farlig ildebrand i det slot, hvor hertug Adolf af Holsten fejrede sit bryllup o.s.v."
23.03.1565: "Det blev meddelt os om den umaadelige skat, som skal udredes af vore landsm?nd, at Ribe-borgerne alene skulle betale 8000 thaler i krigsskat og kannikerne 3000. Saa ogsaa at hver tiende bonde er under vaaben, og at blomsten af Danmarks ungdom om kort tid skal sendes mod svenskerne. Det blev ogsaa meddelt, men med mindre sikre hjemmelsm?nd, om en kamp, der havde fundet sted, i hvilken en ikke ublodig sejr var tilfaldet vore; thi af svenskerne var der faldet 18.000 og af vore 10.000. Jeg har skrevet til fader."
30.01.1570: "Min farbroder Peder Hegelund kom til Ribe."
16.11.1571: "Marine Peder Mortensens aborterede."
The above translated to English:
February 10, 1565: "I wrote to Kristen Hegelund in Prague. According to unfounded rumors stemming from an unknown source, who has been informed, that Frederick II, King of Denmark, must be dead, also that Bohus and Elfsborg will be besieged by the Swedes, and the plague is raging in Copenhagen. Also a dangerous fire in the castle where the Duke Adolf of Holstein celebrated his wedding, etc."
March 23, 1565: "It was communicated to us about the immense tax payable by our fellow countrymen, of which Ribe's Burghers only have to pay 8000 thaler in war tax and the Canon's 3000. Also that every tenth farmer is to take up weapons, and the flower of Danish youth will shortly be sent against the Swedes. It was also announced, but with less certain source, of a struggle, which had taken place, in which a bloody victory had been ours, for 18,000 Swedes had been killed to our 10,000. I have written to father."
January 30, 1570: "My father's brother Peder Hegelund came to Ribe".
November 16, 1571: "Peder Mortensen's (Hegelund) wife Marine miscarried."
Peder Jensen Hegelund fostered the growth of schools in Denmark, and is known as an exponent of Philippism, which means that he was a follower of Philip Melanchthon; the founder of a movement called "Philipsmen", which became embroiled in a religious controversy. Unhappily for Peder Hegelund, one of his dearly beloved former students, Hans Poulsen Reesen, violently attacked Philip Melanchthon. This is thought to have brought him much heart-ache and possibly contributed to his death.
His second wife Anne Andersdatter Klyn is said to have been left a very wealthy widow; she owned and lived in a house on the western corner of S?nderportsgade and Puggardsgade in Ribe. She died early in 1640 in Ribe.
Sources include: "Ribe Bispes?de 948-1948" by Hans Lund; "Ribe Bys Historie og Dansk Biografisk Leksikon", J. Kinch; and "Sl?gtebog across Afkommet of Christjern Nielsen, Borgmster in Varde o.1500", J. Vahl, K?benhavn, 1879.
The following was obtained from "Luthern Cyclopedia", editor: Erwin Lueker, Concordia Publishing House, 1975.
After his return from Augsburg, Maurice of Saxony consulted with his theologians and councillors, including, among others, Philip Melanchthon. Meeting in Altzella they drew up the "Leipzig Interim," a provisional agreement on religious matters, which compromised the doctrines of justification and some other points, and which regarded as adiaphora (church rites which are neither commanded nor forbidden in the Word of God) such things as extreme unction, confirmation, lights, vestments, images, fasts, and festivals.
Maurice of Saxony and Joachim II of Brandenburg came to an agreement in December on the points they would be willing to accept and follow. Saxony accepted the Altzella terms at Leipzig in December, 1548 (hence the name Leipzig Interim); the biphops of Naumburg and Meissen dissented. The Brandenburg diet met January 1549.
Opposition reaction was immediate. Charles V made Maurice of Saxony head of an army to enforce a renewed ban imposed on Magdeburg, where opposition had found refuge. Maurice turned his forces against Charles V, forced temporary suspension of the Council of Trent in 1552, and secured the convention of Passau in 1552, which recognized the Lutheran faith as among the ecclesiastical institutions of the empire.
The Adiaphora Controversies were caused by the Augsburg Interim (held June 30, 1548, it proposed a temporary armistice between Roman Catholics and Lutherans), which concede the cup and clerical marriage but demanded the restoration of the mass, the seven sacraments, the authority of the pope and bishops, etc., until matters might be finally adjusted. Melanchthon and others in the Leipzig Interim submitted and said these Romish ceremonies might be observed as matters indifferent in themselves. Others attacted it, holding it wrong to observe even indifferent ceremonies when a false impression is thereby created. "Nothing is adiaphoran when confession and offense are involved."
This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 21 July 2015.
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1542 - 1614 (71 år)
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