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- From Bornholm's Jordebog of 1658, compiled during the Swedish occupation of the island:
V?ster H?radh, V?stermarch Sochn, Skattehemman, Nr. 65: Lars J?rensen. . . 18 Daler, 5 ?re, 12 Penningar.
V?ster H?radh, V?stermarch Sochn, Skattehemman, Nr. 66: Niels B?rresen. . . 12 Daler, 11 ?re, 4 Penningar.
V?ster H?radh, Nykier Sochn, Skattehemman, Nr. 12: Mats Jensen. . . 21 Daler, 3 ?re, 16 Penningar.
V?ster H?radh, Nykier Sochn, Skattehemman, Nr. 13: Frantz Jacobsen. . . 17 Daler, 15 ?re, 8 Penningar.
From Bornholm's Jordebog of 1662:
Vester Herridt, Vestermarck Sogn, Bunde, Nr. 65: Jens Mougnsen.
Vester Herridt, Vestermarck Sogn, Bunde, Nr. 66: Niels B?rresen.
Vester Herridt, Nykier Sogen, Bunde, Nr. 12: Mads Jensen.
Vester Herridt, Nykier Sogen, Bunde, Nr. 13: Frands Jacobsen.
Extracted from the probate for Mogens Jensen, October 5 & 6, 1681, page 40:
Anno 1681 dend 5 og 6 October er holden rigistering og vurdering sampt skifte og deehling, efter sl. Mogens Jensen som boede og d?ede paa dend 13 gaard i tallet udi Nyker Sogn. Imellom hans efterlatte hustrue Karen Ibsdaatter, med hendis laug verge efter begiering Anders Kurre udi Ellebye paa dend eene. Saa og dend sl. mands efterlatte b?rn. Nemblig Morten Monsen som hand hafde med sin f?rste hustru er sin egen verge. Noch efter dend mellumbste hustrue Karren Hansdaatter som hafuer sig efterlat 7 b?rn: 3 s?nner og 4 d?ttre. Dend eldste s?n, Jens Monsen boende i Rosendahl i Rydsker Sogn sin egen verge. Nest hannem Sambsing Monsen paa 21 aar gammel, annamner self sit l?s?re og der til suarer, men hans eldste broder Morten Mogensen saa som til sins verge, for jordegoedzet, som sig det goed villigen paatog. Hans Monsen paa 14 aar gammel for hannem verger broderen Jens Monsen. Dend eldste daatter Bendte Monsdaatter som hafuer Michel Jensen i VesterM Sogn til echte, suarer hendis mand Michel Jensen. Dend 2 daatter Elsebeth Monsdaatter 16 aar gammel, for hende verger hendis faderbroder Lauritz Jensen i N?cher Sogn. Dend 3die daatter Judith Monsdaatter 11 aar gammel for hende verger hendis svoger Michell Jensen i VesterM Sogn. Magrette Monsdaatter paa 9de aar, for hende verger hendis faderbroder Peder Jensen i Gadegaarden i VesterM Sogn. Og med denne hans nu efterlefuende hustru Karen Ibsdaatter, er it lidet spedt pige barn, ved nafn Karren Monsdaatter, for hende verger Madtz Hansen i Skarpeskouf i Clemmedsker Sogn, som er quindens faderbroder, de samptligen paa dend anden side. . . Efter skrefuet b?rnegoedz hafuer sal. Mons Jensen hoes sig beholden, og self verget for sinne egen b?rn for huns goedz som dennem efter deris sal. moder Karren Mons Jensens arfueligen er til folden, der skifte stoed Anno 1679 dend 29 Oct. . . Enkens laug verge Anders Kuhre i VesterM Sogn fordrit paa enkens veigne som skall v?re oppebaaren af hendis Jordepenge, af dend 43 gaard i VesterM Sogn som er hendis f?drene og m?drene gaard af Peder Jensen er opbaaren. . . Sambsing B?dker i R?nne fordret arbeidsl?nd. . . .
From Bornholm's Landstingbog 1671-1683:
December 20, 1682, pages 297a-298a: Dom. Efttersom af det pandtebref Peder Isachsen til Mogens Jensen haffuer udigffuet, er fares huorleedis dend sahl. mand har hafft dend 13 gaard i thallet udi Nyckiersogen, f?rst udi pant for 206 Dr. 2 Mk. og siden eftter skal Peder Isachsen sielf af Mogens Jensen bekommet paa thuende gange 113 Dr. 1 Mk. bel?ber saa disse forhen penge till sammen 319 Dr. 3 Mk. for huilchen capital Peder Isachsen eftter pandte brefs formelding haffuer pandtsat til Mogens Jensen ber?rte 13 gaard at skulle haffue til vis forsichring, udi [page damaged] saa at der som Mogens Jensen vilde haffue sine penge, f?rend dise aar var omme, skulle Peder Isachsen, til forn der om advares, som bemelte bref videre udviser, daterit dennd 14 April 1670 og fordi Mogens Jensen iche haffuer kundet veret ben?yet, med samme pantebref, at lade forhen hoffuedstoel saa lenge, lade henstaae, haffuer hand verit for aarsaget, at lade indstefne. Peder Isachsen og de vedkommende till thinge, og lougligen lovbudet bemelte gaard udi 4re thing dage eftter hin anden og esked sine penge. Saa formeedelst, at huerchen Peder Isachsen eller nogen andere af slegt eller biurd, haffuer frembkommen, med penge til at indfri forhen gaard, eftter advarsel, laug biuder og eskning paa gaarden. Huor da verende dend ?ed Soren Herridzfouged Anders Kurre, haffuer eftter C4 Recess anden Bogs 15 Capitel til d?mbt, Mogens Jensen og hans da haffuende hustrue, og arfuinger, bemelte 13 gaard til eyendom, og udi samme sin dom kiendt at Peder Isachsen og vedkommende, u-underskefttig gaarden at kunde indl?s. Der offuer har Mogens Jensen, iche ladet dennd strax taxere, dog clarlig fornemmes, kand ud af een tholff m?ndz domb, og setning, som er skeed, eftter Mogens Jensens d?d paa bemelte gaard og dendz eyendomb sat 75 Dr. 2 Mk. 4 Sk. ringere, endsom Mogens Jensen hafde hafft forhen gaard udi pandt forre, u-anseet hand end da f?rind gaarden af de 12 m?nd bleff taxerit, skal haffue ladet eendeel bygge der paa, og haffuer Peder Isachsen, eller nogen anden ej ancket paa, for ermelte Herritz Fogdens dom udi saa rum thide, som er paa eleffte aar siden, den er bleffuen affsagt. Huad sig andgaar at Peder Isachsen, en hafde til Landztinget ladet ind citere, een dom, som den bunde Peder Mogensen udi Vester Mk. Sogen, skulle haffue giffuen, som berettes, eftter at Herridz Fougden haffde d?mbt udi sagen. Da eftterdi Peder Mogenen, der med ej kunde sveche Herridz Fougdens dom, iche heller er for mig bevist. Huad for myndighed forhen bunde kand haffue haftt fra sig at giffue, under beseigling, thi kand ieg icke Peder Mogensens domb bifalde, efttersom forhen Herridz Fougdens Anders Kures dom, iche udi mange aar, er vorden paa klaget, eller nogen thid til Landztinget, til paa kiendelse indstefnt, f?rend nu at Morten Mogensen haffuer ladet samme dom til confirmation indcitere. Kand ieg iche dend imoed recessen under kiende [page damaged] fordi Mogens Jensen ej hafuer thaget gaarden ved taxering. Imeedens hand leffuede, huor paa Peder Isachsen udi sit indleg ancker, da paa det lejen med nogen billighed skal haffue sig der ofr at besuerge. Da der som Peder Isachsen kand nu ver saa underhefttig, at kunde og vilde uden nogen forhalling. Erlegge og giffue sahl. Mogens Jensens b?rn for forhen gaard, og til h?rende eyendomb 319 Slettedr. 3 Mk. Sampt ersatte till dennem, alt hues bevislig gi?res at aff sahl. Mogens Jensen er biugt og forbedret paa gaarden, forhen sahl. Mogens Jensens b?rn, at lade Peder Isachsen faae, saaleedis samme gaard till ki?bs. Huis sig ellers belanger det Peder Isachsen, haffuer forebragt, at imod hans ville eller videnskab, skulle Mogens Jensen, ladet indf?re udi pantebrefuet 40 Dr. meere end som hans sahl. fader moder af vidste, eller aff Mogens Jensen skulle vere udgiffuet, end ogsaa meener, Peder Isachsen, at hannem skulle vere 10 Dr. i forhen hans udgiffne pandte brefs summa, paaskrefuet, videre ende hand bekommet haffde. Huilchet Peder Isachsens andgiffuende, iche er louglig bevidst, men hand sielff haffuer inden Vester Herritz ting, dend 21 April 1670 vedstaad pandtebrefued, udi alle sine puncter, eftter paa skrifttens udvisning. Huor for disse bemelte 40 og 10 Dr., iche kand vere Peder Isachsen, til af kortning, eftter hans protestation og meening, udi nogen maader. Detz til vidnesbiurd, etc.
From Bornholm's Jordebog of 1689:
Vesterherridt, N?cher Sogn, Bunde, Nr. 13: Samsing Monsen.
From the ?ker-?kirkeby kirkebog, burial record for daughter Judith Mogensdatter:
May 19, 1703: Liig, Judith Monsdatter, Hans Christens?ns hustru, 31 aar gammel.
From the ?ker-?kirkeby kirkebog "communicantes", burial record for son Samsing Mogensen:
April 30, 1704: 30 April drugnede Clement Monss?n og Samson Monss?n for R?nne.
Extracted from the probate for son Hans Mogensen, January 27, 1717, page151:
Afgangene salig Sandemand Hans Monsen som boede og d?de paa den 18 Jord Eiendoms gaard i Knudsker Sogn, og det imellem denne salig mands efterlevende hustru Gundel Hansdaatter, for hende blef efter hendes begi?ring til laug v?rge anordnet Jes Rask boende i R?nne, de paa dend ene side, og paa dend anden side denne salig mands samptlige efterlatte arvinger, og s?dskende som er f?rst 2 fuld broder, en half broder, 4 fuld s?dster og en half s?dster. Hvor af dend eldste denne salig mands fuld broder var Jens Monsen som ved d?den er afgangen, og boede udi Rydsker Sogn, og efter ham igien lever 4 s?nner: dend eldste s?n er Tohr Jensen som egen v?rge, og er boende udi Clemmedsker Sogn; dend anden s?n Mogens Jensen i Rydsker Sogn, og sin egen v?rge; dend 3de s?n er Hans Jensen, og sin egen v?rge, og er hos sin broder Tohr Jensen i Clemmedsker Sogn, og sin egen v?rge; dend 4de s?n Peder Jensen og sin egen v?rge, og er hos sin broder Mons Jensen i Rydsker Sogn. Dend anden fuld broder var Samsing Monsen som ved d?den er afgangen, og var boende i R?nne og efter ham igien lever 3 s?nner, og 2 d?ttre: hvor af dend eldste s?n er Mogens Samsingsen, sin egen v?rge og er boende i R?nne; dend anden s?n er Hans Samsingsen som er uden lands, og er paa 22 aar gammel, for hannem til v?rge anordnet i hans fra v?relse hans broder Mogens Samsingsen; dend 3de s?n er Mickel Samsingsen 17 aar gammel, for hannem er forhen til v?rge anordnet moderbroderen Mickel Pedersen, boende i Nyelarsker Sogn; dend eldste daatter Anna Samsingsdaatter 28 aar gammel, for hende blef til v?rge anordnet fader half broder Capitain Morten Monsen, boende i Nycker Sogn; dend yngste daatter er Giertrud Samsingsdaatter paa 12 aar gammel, for hende er til v?rge anordnet Tohr Jensen i Rydsker Sogn som er myndlingens s?dskende barn half broderen er forhen Capitain Morten Mogensen boende i Nycker Sogn. Dend eldste fuld s?dster var Bente Monsdaatter som var i egteskab med Mickel Jensen boende i Knudsker Sogn, som ved d?den er afgangen og efter hende igien lever 2 s?nner, og 2 d?ttre: hvor af dend elste s?n var Hans Mickelsen som ved d?den er afgangen og boede i VesterM Sogn, og efter ham lever en daatter ved naufn Karen Hansdaatter, for hende er forhen til v?rge anordnet hendes half broder Niels J?rgensen boende i bemelte VesterM Sogn; dend anden s?n er Jens Mickelsen sin egen v?rge; dend elste daatter er Bodel Mickelsdaatter som er i egteskab med Christen R?mmer, boende i Clemmedsker Sogn; dend yngste daatter er Karen Mickelsdaatter, for hende v?rger faderen Mickel Jensen boende i Knudsker Sogn. Dend anden denne salig mands fuld s?dster er Elsebeth Mogensdaatter som er i egteskab med Hans Hendricksen boende i ?sterM Sogn. Dend 3de fuld s?dster var Judita Monsdaatter som var i egteskab med Hans Christensen boende i Aacker Sogn, og efter hende er igien lever 3 d?ttre: saa som hen er ved d?den afgangen hvor af dend eldste daatter er Karen Hansdaatter som er i egteskab med Jep Larsen boende i Piberegaarden i Aacker Sogn; dend anden daatter Maria Hansdaatter paa 20 aar gammel, for hende v?rger faderen; dend 3de daatter Judita Hansdaatter paa 15 aar gammel, for hende v?rger faderen, og fore. Dend 4de og yngste fuld s?dster Margreta Monsdaatter som var i egteskab med Jens Mogensen, og for hende v?rger Johan Holdst i R?nne. Dend ene denne salig mands half s?dster er Karen Mogensdaatter som er i egteskab med Rasmus Christensen boende i Clemmedsker Sogn.
The following comes from "Anetavle for Louise Skovgaard", by Louise Skovgaard, Bd. X, pages 65 - 71:
Mogens Jensen lived in Nyker parish, first at S?nderg?rd, 12 Slg., and later at Buldreg?rd, 13 Slg. He owned both Skovg?rd, 65 Slg. Vestermarie, and Lille Bjergeg?rd, 66 Slg. Vestermarie, but he probably never lived on either farm. He was married 3 times: 1) Margrethe Mortensdatter, who died in the plague year of 1654; 2) Karen Hansdatter, died 1679; 3) Karen Ibsdatter (circa 1652-1739). Mogens Jensen is known to have held the position of churchwarden (kirkev?rge) for Nyker parish.
His first wife Margrethe Mortensdatter inherited S?nderg?rd (then known as Mortensg?rd) from her father Morten Hansen, who died in 1635. Margrethe's widowed mother Kirstine Hansdatter married for the second time to Arist Andersen; they moved to the neighbouring farm of Lilleg?rd around 1648 - about the time of Margrethe's marriage to Mogens Jensen.
Arist Andersen died in 1650, after which his widow Kirstine Hansdatter purchased Lilleg?rd from his family. Kirstine probably intended to stay close by her daughter and son-in-law, and let him do the farming on Lilleg?rd as well as his own farm S?nderg?rd, but 1654 plague struck Bornholm and in Nyker parish alone 152 people died. Margrethe Mortensdatter died that same year, probably from the plague - though this is not known for a fact. The probate judgement handed down by a 12 man jury on November 9 gave the inheritance rights to S?nderg?rd to her 3 year old son Morten Mogensen. Mogens Jensen stayed on at S?nderg?rd and remarried - his second wife Karen was the daughter of Reeve (Sandemand) Hans Jensen and his wife Judithe of ?ster Rosendaleg?rd in Rutsker parish.
The widow Kirstine Hansdatter of Lilleg?rd married for the 3rd time and moved further away. She and her new spouse Michel Berildsen bought Valleg?rd in Nyker parish on May 2, 1656 for 242 Slettedaler and one horse. At least that is what they believed - however the seller Berild Hansen of Bjergeg?rd in ?ker parish would not give them the proper deed. Possibly he had no legal right to perform the transaction, as Valleg?rd was "Freeman's Property" (Frimandsgods) - it was one of several peasant farms (vornedeg?rde) that were under the jurisdiction of Kyndeg?rd estate. In any case Michel Berildsen lived, unchallenged, at Valleg?rd for the rest of his life - more than 20 years - all the while paying his yearly dues to the proprietor of Kyndeg?rd: 4 lbs. of butter, 1 barrel of oats, 1 lamb, 1 goose, 2 hens, and 1 calf, and a certain number of days of farm work at Kyndeg?rd. After Michel Berildsen's death, the court decided that his inheritors had no right to own Valleg?rd, as they were "ufrelse" (not free, peasants) and thus not eligible to own freeman's property.
Like his first wife Mogens Jensen's second wife Karen Hansdatter was an only child of well-to-do parents. However money alone could not guarantee the security of keeping your home, and they could only have S?nderg?rd at their disposal until Morten (the son from his first marriage) reached adulthood and married. There were plenty of farms for rent around the middle of the 1600s, and the owners would gladly give you a lease - but they preferred not to sell their farms. If a renter invested a great deal of hard work on the upkeep for many years on a farm, then he could make a claim to the court for the deed to own it - that is if he had the money and energy to go through the court proceedings.
Through studying the deed records you can gain insight into some of these cases, and of Mogens Jensen's case you can see how complicated it could get. Mogens Jensen moved to Buldreg?rd in 1670; the farm belonged to Peder Isachsen of Stensg?rd, 42 Slg. Vestermarie parish. We can see that it took a great deal of effort to get the deed secured for himself and his children from his second marriage, because at the time of his death in 1681 the probate records imply that were no less than 23 "breve" (legal documents) regarding the right of ownership. The 1681 probate document shows us that the livestock at Buldreg?rd consisted of 11 horses, 1 foal, 9 cows, 2 bulls, 7 steers, 5 heifers, 4 calves, 20 sheep, 9 grown pigs, 8 young pigs, 8 grown geese, and 16 yougn geese. Some of the steers were used for pulling, as two yokes and chains were also listed. The farm buildings were comprised of: the living-quarters - which included a sitting-room; a guest-house; an east wing - probably the long dining-hall, which was equipped with new bolsters for the benches; and the quarters for the hired men.
Karen Hansdatter died in 1679; she left behind 7 children: Jens, Bendte, Samsing, Elsebeth, Hans, Judith, and Margrethe. Mogens Jensen's next marriage was to the 27 year old Karen Ibsdatter. Mogens died only two years later; probate after his death was held on October 6, 1681, wherein it was decided - in line with Bornholmer tradition - that his youngest son, Hans Mogensen, was the inheritor of Buldreg?rd. Since Hans was only 13 years old, his 21 year old brother Samsing temporarily took over management of the farm. Mogens Jensen's eldest son Morten Mogensen was already residing at S?nderg?rd, and the second eldest, Jens Mogensen, was living at his grandparent's farm in Rosendale, Rutsker parish. Jens was made the guardian of his 13 year old brother Hans, who went to live with him, bringing along with him his inheritance: an old black coat, a black woollen jacket, a linen coat, an old "mousquette" (musket), an old "huck kaarre" (sabre), and a book "kalded det Nye Testamente" (named the New Testament).
The young widow Karen Ibsdatter received 66 Sldr. for her portion of Buldreg?rd, as well she was to receive money for her upkeep, a jet-black cow, a small copper kettle, and a barrel of rye-grain worth 2 Sldr. Karen Ibsdatter promised to take good care of the money left for her young daughter Karen Mogensdatter - whose guardian was Karen Ibsdatter's father's brother, Mads Hansen. Karen was also given a wagon and two brown horses when she left Buldreg?rd, so that she could transport her bed and bedding, her chest with her personal belongings - including a couple of silver spoons and the copper kettle. We do not know what the clergy were paid to perform a funeral at that time, however the carpenter, J?rgen Snecher of R?nne, charged 2 Sldr. to make the coffin (usually the family supplied the oak planks themselves). Two large candles were made and given to the church, they were priced at a total of 5 Sldr. 1 Mark, 8 Skilling; that being 14 Mark wax (around 7 lbs.) at 20 Skilling, plus 1 Sldr. in labour to make the two candles.
Mogens Jensen's position as churchwarden (kirkev?rge) was later assumed by his eldest son, Morten Mogensen. Although nearly everyone in the whole county of Bornholm owed a tenth of their income to the Church, it seems that Morten considered that outstanding loans were assets. Those outstanding assets was transferred to Barbara J?rgensdatter - the widow of merchant, and mayor, Herman Mortensen Bohn of R?nne - as part payment for a large grocery bill, for the remainder of the bill she was given a silver bowl and a silver pitcher - which Poul Ancher of Hasle had pawned to Mogens Jensen for 20 Sldr., and a mortgage (pantebrev) worth 100 Sldr. on Lille Bjergeg?rd in Vestermarie.
Even though Mogens Jensen's account books were in order, it was still a bit difficult to figure out how much his farmworkers were owed in wages: it seems to have been the custom only to pay their wages when they needed them badly enough! A 1693 probate document tells us that the daily wage during harvest-time was 6 skilling for both sexes, plus food. Rather than the money, the support that the hired hands could count on from the landowners to find them work, maybe lend them horses and equipment, and even take care of their immediate families in case of emergency or death; this might have been the reason for the hired hands to postpone taking their wages. Since none of this was ever recorded, this custom sometimes gave cause for disagreements in the probate court. Such as with the following incidents: a farmhand named Laurs Hansen claimed he was owed 5 Mark and 2 Skilling, but the inheritors insisted that it was no more than 1 Mk., 4 Sk. - the value of a neck-scarf; and another: Hendrich Hansen from Vestermarie claimed he was owed 10 Mk. "from quite a long time ago," but since he failed to enter his claim to the probate court in 1679, while Mogens Jensen was still alive, "he seems to be in the wrong, and will not be compensated." Niels Jensen of Strandby claimed 4 Mk. for farmhand Jens Jensen's harvest-labour, but "the heirs contested that Jens Jensen had been offered the money at an earlier probate hearing and failed to collect it; since the landowner has now passed away, his heirs have no obligation to pay." The female farmhelp did not present any difficulties: the farmowner's wife took care of their needs: they received yarn for their woollen sweaters and linen for their skirts, as well as a few Mark in cash.
We don't know how old Mogens Jensen was at the time of his death, but since he was already married by 1648, he was probably around 60 years old. His younger brother Lars Jensen, of Store Myreg?rd in Olsker parish, survived him by 47 years, and since he had no children of his own the inheritors were his siblings' children. Of Mogens Jensen's 9 children only 3 were still alive, namely: Elsebeth, Margrethe, and Karen.
Hans Mogensen, heir to Buldreg?rd, never needed it - for at around 20 years of age he married the widow Gundel Hansdatter of 18 Slg. Knudsker parish. He went to live at her farm and died there as the Reeve (Sandemand) for the Vester district in 1717, and since he had no children of his own the inheritors were his siblings' children.
This database researched and compiled by Norman Lee Madsen, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 21 July 2015.
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1621 - 1681 (~ 60 år)
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